Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display includes color filters having a quantum dot and scattering particles and liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity, a distance between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer being sized to minimize display deterioration due to parallax.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.13/645,207, filed on Oct. 4, 2012 in the U.S. Patent and TrademarkOffice, which in turn claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from, andthe benefit of, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0026772, filed inthe Korean Intellectual Property Office on Mar. 15, 2012, the contentsof which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display and amanufacturing method thereof.

DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART

A liquid crystal display, which is one of the most common types of flatpanel displays currently in use, includes two sheets of panels withfield generating electrodes such as a pixel electrode, a commonelectrode, and the like. A liquid crystal layer is interposedtherebetween.

The liquid crystal display generates an electric field in the liquidcrystal layer by applying voltage to the field generating electrodes.The direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer isdetermined by the generated electric field. Thus, polarization ofincident light is controlled so as to display images.

To display a color in the liquid crystal display, a color filter is usedand a structure including a luminescent material as a material of thecolor filter has been developed. In the case where the luminescentmaterial is included in the color filter, a liquid crystal displayhaving a wide viewing angle may be easily manufactured and powerconsumption may be improved, but display characteristics due to anadjacent pixel and the parallax of a viewed object (i.e., the differencein the apparent position of an object viewed along two different linesof sight) can be deteriorated.

SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid crystaldisplay such that display characteristics due to parallax are notdeteriorated and the display has a wide viewing angle. A manufacturingmethod thereof is also provided.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a liquidcrystal display. A backlight unit includes a light source. A displaypanel includes a liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity. A colorfilter is configured to change a wavelength of light supplied from thelight source to display a color. A lower polarizer is located betweenthe liquid crystal layer and the backlight unit. An upper polarizer islocated between the liquid crystal layer and the color filter.

The display panel may include an upper panel and a lower panel. Thelower panel may include the liquid crystal layer and the lowerpolarizer. The upper panel may include the color filter.

The upper polarizer may be included in the upper panel or the lowerpanel, and the upper panel may be disposed above the upper polarizer andthe lower panel may be disposed below the upper polarizer.

The upper and lower polarizers may include a polarization elementconfigured to generate polarization and a tri-acetyl-cellulose (TAC)layer for ensuring durability.

The microcavity may be shaped by a support layer. An alignment layer maybe formed on the support layer. The liquid crystal layer may be alignedby the alignment layer.

A common electrode and a patterned insulating layer may be over thesupport layer, and a liquid crystal injection hole may be formed on thepatterned insulating layer, the common electrode, and the support layer.

The color filter may include quantum dot particles configured to convertlight supplied from the light source.

The light source may be a blue light source.

A color filter may be a transparent color filter for displaying thecolor blue, and the transparent color filter may include scatteringparticles.

A blue light transmitting layer may be located between the liquidcrystal layer and the color filter and may be configured to transmitonly light in a blue wavelength band.

A blue light blocking layer may be configured to block light in a bluewavelength band and may be located at a side of the color filteropposite the blue light transmitting layer.

The transparent color filter may not have the blue light blocking layerformed thereon.

The light source may be an ultraviolet rays light source.

An ultraviolet rays transmitting layer may be located between the liquidcrystal layer and the color filter and nay be configured to transmitonly ultraviolet rays.

An ultraviolet rays blocking layer may be configured to block theultraviolet rays and may be located at a side of the color filteropposite the ultraviolet rays transmitting layer.

The display panel may be formed by one display panel.

The upper polarizer may include metal wirings arranged with an intervalof 100 nm or less.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method ofmanufacturing a liquid crystal display, including: forming a thin filmtransistor on a substrate; forming a pixel electrode on the thin filmtransistor, forming a sacrificial layer on the pixel electrode, forminga support layer on the sacrificial layer, forming a microcavityincluding a liquid crystal injection hole by removing the sacrificiallayer; injecting a liquid crystal material into microcavity, forming acoating layer on the support layer so as to cover the liquid crystalinjection hole, and forming a color filter including quantum dotparticles for converting light supplied from a light source.

The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display may further includeforming an alignment layer on an outer wall of the microcavity beforethe liquid crystal material is injected into the microcavity.

The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display may further includeforming a common electrode between the support layer and the coatinglayer, in which the liquid crystal injection hole may also be formed inthe common electrode.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention a liquidcrystal display includes a backlight unit, a color filter and a liquidcrystal layer formed in a microcavity located between the backlight unitand the color filter. The color filter includes quantum dot particlesconfigured to refract and disperse light from the backlight unit. Adistance between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer is sizedto minimize display deterioration due to parallax.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display accordingto the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a lower panel in the liquid crystaldisplay according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are diagrams illustratingin sequence a manufacturing method of the lower panel according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 3.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an upper panel in the liquidcrystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 16, 17, 18 and 19 are diagrams illustrating in sequence amanufacturing method of the upper panel according to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 15.

FIGS. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 are graphsshowing characteristics of the liquid crystal display according toexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 34.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodimentsof the invention are shown. As those skilled in the art would realize,the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, allwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc.,may be exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals designate likeelements throughout the specification. It will be understood that whenan element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to asbeing “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element orintervening elements may also be present.

Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention will be described in detail withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and FIG. 2is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display according to theexemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a lower panel100, an upper panel 200, and a backlight unit 500.

The backlight unit 500 includes a blue light source 510 and a lightguide plate 520. The lower panel 100 disposed thereon includes a lowerpolarizer 11, a lower substrate 110, a wiring layer 111, a liquidcrystal layer 3 formed in a microcavity, an upper insulating layer 310,and an upper polarizer 21. The upper panel 200 disposed thereon includesan upper substrate 210, a blue light blocking layer 231, a color filter230, and a blue light transmitting layer 232.

First, the lower panel 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1,2 and 3.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a lower panel in the liquid crystaldisplay according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a wiring layer 111 including a thin filmtransistor (not shown) and the like is formed on a substrate 110 made oftransparent glass, plastic, or the like. The wiring layer 111 includes agate line 121, a storage voltage line 131, a gate insulating layer 140,a data line (not shown), a passivation layer (not shown) and a pixelelectrode 190, and the thin film transistor is connected to the gateline 121 and the data line. Structures of the pixel electrode 190, thegate line 121, and the data line formed on the wiring layer 111 may varyaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

The gate line 121 and the storage voltage line 131 are disposed belowthe gate insulating layer 140 and are electrically separated from eachother. The data line crosses the gate line 121 and the storage voltageline 131 and is insulated therefrom. The gate electrode on the gate line121 and the source electrode on the data line provide a control terminaland an input terminal of the thin film transistor, respectively.Further, an output terminal (drain electrode) of the thin filmtransistor is connected with the pixel electrode 190, and the pixelelectrode 190 is insulated from the gate line 121, the storage voltageline 131 and the data line.

A support layer 311 is disposed on the pixel electrode 190 and thepassivation layer. The support layer 311 serves to support itself sothat an inner portion of the support layer 311, that is, an upper space,hereinafter referred to as a microcavity (see microcavity 305 of FIG.11) of the pixel electrode 190 and the passivation layer may be formed.A cross section of the support layer 311 according to the exemplaryembodiment may have a trapezoid shape, and have a liquid crystalinjection hole 335 (seen in FIG. 14) on one side thereof in order toinject a liquid crystal into the microcavity 305. The support layer 311may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride(SiNx) and the like.

Further, to arrange liquid crystal molecules injected in the microcavity305, an alignment layer 12 is formed at the inside of the support layer311, that is, at the upper portion of the pixel electrode 190 and thepassivation layer. The alignment layer 12 made of at least one ofgenerally used materials such as polyamic acid, polysiloxane, orpolyimide, or the like, as a liquid crystal alignment layer may beformed.

The liquid crystal layer 3 is formed under the alignment layer 12 of themicrocavity 305, and the liquid crystal molecules 31 are initiallyaligned by the alignment layer 12. A thickness of the liquid crystallayer 3 may be about 5 to 6 μm.

A light blocking member 220 is formed between the adjacent supportlayers 311. The light blocking member 220 includes a material which doesnot transmit light and has an opening, and the opening that correspondswith the microcavity 305.

A common electrode 270 is formed on the support layer 311 and the lightblocking member 220. The common electrode 270 and the pixel electrode190 are made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO andserve to control an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules31 by generating an electric field.

A flattening layer 312 is formed on the common electrode 270. Theflattening layer 312, as a layer for removing a step generated on thecommon electrode 270 due to the light blocking member 220, may includean organic material. The flattening layer 312 may alternatively bedisposed below the common electrode 270 or may be omitted.

A patterned insulating layer 313 is formed on the flattening layer 312.The patterned insulating layer 313 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial such as silicon nitride (SiNx). The flattening layer 312 andthe patterned insulating layer 313 are patterned together with thesupport layer 311 and combined to form upper insulating layer 310 andprovide a liquid crystal injection hole 335. In an alternative exemplaryembodiment the patterned insulating layer 313 may be omitted.

In FIG. 1, the support layer 311, the flattening layer 312, and thepatterned insulating layer 313 are shown as one upper insulating layer310. As shown in FIG. 2, the common electrode 270 is disposed betweenthe support layer 311 and the flattening layer 312. However, as long asthe common electrode 270 is an upper portion of the support layer 311,the common electrode 270 may also be disposed above the flattening layer312 or the patterned insulating layer 313.

An upper polarizer 21 is disposed above the patterned insulating layer313. The upper polarizer 21 may be thinly formed and may have athickness of 150 to 200 μm. The upper polarizer 21 includes apolarization element generating polarization and a tri-acetyl-cellulose(TAC) layer for ensuring durability.

A lower polarizer 11 is attached to the rear surface of the substrate110. The lower polarizer 11 may not be thinly formed and includes apolarization element generating polarization and a tri-acetyl-cellulose(TAC) layer for ensuring durability. However, the lower polarizer 11 maybe formed between the substrate 110 and the wiring layer 111 and mayalso be formed at other positions.

Hereinafter, a manufacturing method of the lower panel 100 will bedescribed in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 14.

FIGS. 4 to 14 are diagrams illustrating in sequence a manufacturingmethod of the lower panel according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG.3.

First, as shown in FIG. 4, the wiring layer 111 shown in FIG. 1,including a thin film transistor and the like, is formed on a lowersubstrate 110.

The lower substrate is made of transparent glass, plastic, or the like,the gate line 121, the storage voltage line 131, the gate insulatinglayer 140, the data line (not shown), the passivation layer (not shown),and the pixel electrode 190 are formed on the wiring layer 111, and thethin film transistor is connected to the gate line 121 and the dataline.

In FIG. 4, it is simply described that the wiring layer 111 is formed onthe lower substrate 110, but actually, a plurality of processes areincluded.

For example, the plurality of processes are as follows.

On the lower substrate 110, the gate line 121 and the storage voltageline 131 are formed and thereafter, the gate insulating layer 140covering the lower substrate 110, the gate line 121, and the storagevoltage line 131 are formed.

On the gate insulating layer 140, the data line is formed in a directioncrossing the gate line 121 and the storage voltage line 131, and a drainelectrode, which is an output terminal of the thin film transistor, isalso formed. Thereafter, a passivation layer covering the data line andthe drain electrode is formed and a contact hole which exposes a part ofthe drain electrode is formed in the passivation layer.

The pixel electrode 190 is formed on the passivation layer and iselectrically connected with the drain electrode through the contact holeof the passivation layer.

In FIG. 4, as described above, structures of the pixel electrode 190,the gate line 121, and the data line may be varied according to anexemplary embodiment.

Thereafter, referring to FIG. 5, a sacrificial layer 300 is formed in aregion where the microcavity is to be formed. The sacrificial layer maybe made of a photoresist material and be formed by being etched inaccordance with the position, the size, and the shape of the microcavityto be formed. Since the microcavity is positioned where the liquidcrystal layer 3 is to be formed, the microcavity corresponds to thepixel area.

Thereafter, referring to FIG. 6, the support layer 311, which covers thesacrificial layer 300 and the exposed wiring layer 111, is formed. Thesupport layer 311 may be made of an inorganic insulating material suchas silicon nitride (SiNx) and may be formed to have a thickness of about2000 Å. Further, the support layer 311 is formed so as to cover theentire sacrificial layer 300 along the surface of the sacrificial layer300. As shown in FIG. 6, a cross section of the sacrificial layer 300and the support layer 311 may form a trapezoid.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the light blocking member 220 is formedbetween the adjacent vertical portions of the support layers 311. Thelight blocking member 220 may be of a material which does not transmitlight and has an opening. The opening of the light blocking member 220corresponds to the sacrificial layer 300 or the microcavity 305.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8, the common electrode 270 covering thesupport layer 311 and the light blocking member 220 is formed. Thecommon electrode 270 is made of a transparent conductive material suchas ITO or IZO much like the pixel electrode 190 and serves to control analignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 by generating anelectric field together with the pixel electrode 190.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, a lower flattening layer 312 is formed. Thelower flattening layer 312, serves as a layer for removing a stepgenerated on the common electrode 270 due to the light blocking member220, and may be of an organic material.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 10, a patterned insulating layer 313 isformed on the lower flattening layer 312. The patterned insulating layer313 forms a liquid crystal injection hole (see 335 of FIG. 14) bypatterning a silicon nitride (SiNx) layer laminated together with thelower flattening layer 312 and the support layer 311 after depositing aninorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) and thelike at about 2000 Å.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, a microcavity 305 supported by the supportlayer 311 is formed by supplying an etchant through the liquid crystalinjection hole to remove the sacrificial layer 300 disposed in thesupport layer 311. The process described above may be performed througha wet etching method in which the lower panel 100 manufactured in FIGS.1 to 10 is soaked in an etchant such as a photoresist (PR) stripper fora predetermined time.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 12, an alignment layer 12 is formed in themicrocavity 305. In a method of forming the alignment layer 12 in themicrocavity 305, when a liquid aligning agent is fully filled in themicrocavity 305 through the liquid crystal injection hole by an Inkjetor spin coating method and then cured at a temperature of about 210degrees for about 1 hour, a solvent included in the aligning agent isvolatilized and only polyimide (PI) is cured on the inner surface of thesupport layer 311 to form the alignment layer 12. The rest of thealigning agent is discharged and removed through the liquid crystalinjection hole.

Next, as shown in FIG. 13, the liquid crystal layer 3 is filled in themicrocavity 305 utilizing the alignment layer 12 as a wall. In a methodof filling the liquid crystal layer 3 in the microcavity 305, liquidcrystal material is supplied by a spin coating or inkjet method and theliquid crystal material is injected into the microcavity 305 by surfaceenergy of silicon nitride (SiNx) constituting the support layer 311 andthe patterned insulating layer 313 and interaction of a capillary forcegenerated in the liquid crystal injection hole. The injected liquidcrystal molecules 31 are aligned in a predetermined direction by thealignment layer 12. The thickness of the injected liquid crystal layer 3may be formed to be about 5 to 6 μm.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 14, to block the liquid crystal injectionhole 335 from the outside, a coating layer 340 is formed on the lowerpanel 100 through ultraviolet slit coating. The coating layer 340 isformed by a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays while slit-coating atransparent organic material and as a result, the liquid crystalinjection hole 335 is blocked. The coating layer 340 shown in FIG. 14may not be needed if a separate structure is formed which blocks theliquid crystal injection hole 335 from the outside.

Next, referring back to FIG. 3, the upper polarizer 21 is formed abovethe coating layer 340. The upper polarizer 21 may be thinly formed andhave a thickness of 100 to 200 μm. The upper polarizer 21 includes apolarization element generating polarization and a tri-acetyl-cellulose(TAC) layer for ensuring durability.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower polarizer 11 is attached to therear surface of the substrate 110. The lower polarizer 11 may include apolarization element generating polarization and a tri-acetyl-cellulose(TAC) layer for ensuring durability.

The lower panel 100 is completed by the method as described above. Sinceall of the liquid crystal layer 3, the common electrode 270, thealignment layer 12, the pixel electrode 190, the lower polarizer 11, andthe upper polarizer 21 are included in the completed lower panel 100,all basic operations as the liquid crystal display can be performed bythe lower panel 100. However, since the lower panel 100 does not includea color filter 230 capable of displaying a color, the color cannot bedisplayed and thus hereinafter, the lower panel 100 is also referred toas a black and white liquid crystal display panel.

The upper panel 200 having the color filter 230 will now be described indetail with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 15.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an upper panel in the liquidcrystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1.

An upper panel 200 is disposed on the upper polarizer 21.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in the upper panel 200, the blue lightblocking layer 231 is formed below the upper substrate 210 made oftransparent glass, plastic, or the like. The blue light blocking layer231 is not formed only in a pixel area displaying blue because anopening 231-1 is included and is formed in pixel areas displaying redand green. The blue light blocking layer 231 may be formed byalternately laminating at least two layers having different refractiveindexes, such that wavelengths other than a blue wavelength band aretransmitted while the blue wavelength band being blocked. The blockedblue wavelength is reflected and thus a light recycle may also beperformed. Since the blue light blocking layer 231 serves to block lightemitted from a blue light source, such as blue light source 510 of FIG.1, from being directly emitted outside, the blue light blocking layer231 is not formed only in the pixel area displaying blue and is formedin pixel areas displaying red and green.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since blue lightis used as a light source, the opening 231-1 is formed in the pixel areadisplaying blue. However, a red or green light source may be usedaccording to an exemplary embodiment, and in this case, the opening isformed in the pixel area displaying the corresponding color.

An upper light blocking member 221 is formed below the upper substrate210 and below the blue light blocking layer 231. The upper lightblocking member 221 also has an opening, and a color filtercorresponding to a color displayed in the corresponding pixel is formed.

First, a red color filter 230R is formed in a red pixel, a green colorfilter 230G is formed in a green pixel, and a transparent color filter230T is formed in a blue pixel. The reason for using the transparentcolor filter 230T in the blue pixel is because a blue light source isused as the light source 510 of the backlight 500 in the exemplaryembodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.

The red color filter 230R may include red quantum dot (QD) particles230RQD, and converts light having a wavelength supplied by the bluelight source 510 into red.

Further, the green color filter 230G may include green quantum dot (QD)particles 230GQD and converts light having a wavelength supplied by theblue light source 510 into green.

In addition, the transparent color filter 230T includes scatteringparticles 235 which do not convert a wavelength of light having awavelength supplied by the blue light source 510 but merely changes thedirection of light. The scattering particles 235 may be particles suchas TiO2 and the like, and the sizes thereof may correspond with thesizes of the red quantum dot (QD) particles 230RQD or the green quantumdot (QD) particles 230GQD.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since lightsupplied by the light source 510 of the backlight is scattered in thered quantum dot (QD) particles 230RQD, the green quantum dot (QD)particles 230GQD, and the scattering particles 235 and then emittedoutside to display an image, the direction of light emitted outside iswide and grays of the light are not changed according to position, suchthat the light may have a wide viewing angle.

In the color filter 230, pixels having the same color may be disposed ina column direction elongated along a column of the pixel electrode 190shown in FIG. 2, and are not limited to three primary colors of red,green, and blue according to an exemplary embodiment and may alsodisplay one of cyan, magenta, yellow, and white based colors.

As seen in FIG. 2, an upper flattening layer 250 is formed below theupper light blocking member 221, the red color filter 230R, the greencolor filter 230G, and the transparent color filter 230T. The upperflattening layer 250 may be made of an organic material and may also beomitted in an exemplary embodiment.

A blue light transmitting layer 232 is formed below the upper flatteninglayer 250 and formed even in the pixel displaying blue unlike the bluelight blocking layer 231. That is, the blue light transmitting layer 232is formed in the entire area of the upper panel 200. The blue lighttransmitting layer 232 may be formed by alternately laminating at leasttwo layers having different refractive indexes, and transmits only theblue wavelength band and blocks other wavelength bands. The light of theblocked wavelength band is reflected and thus a light recycle may beperformed. The blue light transmitting layer 232 transmits blue lightinputted from the blue light source 510 as it is, and is formed suchthat other unnecessary wavelengths are blocked.

The lower panel 100 is disposed below the blue light transmitting layer232, and the upper polarizer 21 and the blue light transmitting layer232 of the upper panel 100 are attached to each other. They may bedirectly attached to each other or may be adhered to each other througha separate adhesive.

A manufacturing method of the upper panel 200 will now be described withreference to FIGS. 16 to 19.

FIGS. 16 to 19 are diagrams illustrating a manufacturing method of theupper panel according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15 insequence.

As shown in FIG. 16, the blue light blocking layer 231 is formed on theupper substrate 210 made of transparent glass, plastic, or the like. Theblue light blocking layer 231 has an opening 231-1 and the opening 231-1is formed only in a pixel area displaying blue. That is, the blue lightblocking layer 231 is formed in pixel areas displaying red and green.The blue light blocking layer 231 may be a film formed by alternatelylaminating at least two layers having different refractive indexes, andis attached on the lower surface of the upper substrate 210 to beformed. The blue light blocking layer 231 transmits wavelengths otherthan for the blue wavelength band and blocks the blue wavelength band.The blocked blue wavelength is reflected to perform a light recycle.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 17, the respective color filters 230 areformed to be below the upper substrate 210 exposed by the blue lightblocking layer 231 and the opening 231-1. The manufacturing process ofthe color filter 230 forms three separate color filters.

First, a method of forming the red color filter 230R in a red pixel willbe described.

The red color filter 230R is formed by laminating a material including aplurality of red quantum dot (QD) particles 230RQD which change bluelight to red light in a transparent organic material or a transparentphotoresist and leaving the material only in the red pixel area toperform patterning.

Thereafter, the green color filter 230G is formed by laminating amaterial including a plurality of green quantum dot (QD) particles230GQD which change blue light to green light in the transparent organicmaterial or the transparent photoresist and leave the material only inthe green pixel area to perform patterning.

Next, the transparent color filter 230T is formed by laminating amaterial including the scattering particles 235 which disperse incidentlight in the transparent organic material or the transparent photoresistand leave the material only in the blue pixel area to performpatterning. The scattering particles 235 are sufficient so long as thescattering particles 235 are particles dispersing the light, and, as anexample, TiO2 particles are included.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 18, the upper light blocking member 221 isformed between the adjacent color filters 230. The upper light blockingmember 221 has an opening and the color filters 230 are disposed at therespective openings. The upper light blocking member 221 includes amaterial which does not transmit light. As shown in FIG. 18, the upperflattening layer 250 is formed on the upper light blocking member 221,the red color filter 230R, the green color filter 230G, and thetransparent color filter 230T. The upper flattening layer 250 may bemade of an organic material.

Next, as shown in FIG. 19, the blue light transmitting layer 232 isformed on the upper flattening layer 250. The blue light transmittinglayer 232 may also be a film formed by alternately laminating at leasttwo layers having different refractive indexes. The blue lighttransmitting layer 232 is formed even in the pixel displaying blue,unlike the blue light blocking layer 231, to be attached to the entirearea of the upper panel 200. The blue light transmitting layer 232transmits only the blue wavelength band and blocks other wavelengthbands. The light of the blocked wavelength band is reflected to performa light recycle. The blue light transmitting layer 232 may also have ahermetic sealing characteristic.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower panel 100 is attached belowthe blue light transmitting layer 232. The upper polarizer 21 of thelower panel 100 and the blue light transmitting layer 232 of the upperpanel 200 may be directly attached to each other or may also be adheredto each other through a separate adhesive.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the backlight unit 500 is disposed below thelower polarizer 11, and the backlight unit includes the blue lightsource 510 and the light guide plate 520. A plurality of optical films(not shown) may be formed above the light guide plate 520 and below thelower polarizer 11.

Further, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the blue light source510 is disposed at one side of the light guide plate 520, but may bedisposed below the lower surface of the light guide plate 520.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display, a black andwhite liquid crystal panel formed on the lower panel 100 has arelatively thin thickness as compared with a typical black and whiteliquid crystal panel. In the case of the typical liquid crystal panel,the upper polarizer 21 is included as it is, and a transparent substratesuch as glass is included to further have a thickness as thick as thethickness of the substrate. As a result, in the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, adistance between the color filter 230 of the upper panel 200 and theliquid crystal layer 3 of the lower panel 100 is small as compared withthe typical liquid crystal display, such that the likelihood of adisplay deterioration due to parallax is low.

Further, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention has a wide viewing anglecharacteristic because the direction of the light is wider by using thequantum dot (QD) color filter 230.

As described above, display characteristics according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention will be described with reference toFIGS. 20 to 33.

FIGS. 20 to 31 are graphs showing characteristics of the liquid crystaldisplay according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

First, a viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal displayaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21.

FIG. 20 shows a wavelength spectrum of blue light and a spectrum oflight with a changed wavelength by passing through the red color filter230R and the green color filter 230G respectively, and FIG. 21 shows aviewing angle characteristic of blue light emitted from the backlightand a viewing angle characteristic of light passing through the redcolor filter 230R and the green color filter 230G respectively.

First, as shown in FIG. 20, light emitted from the blue light source 510of the backlight unit 500 has a normalized intensity value based on awavelength of 450 nm. Further, light passing through the red colorfilter 230R and the green color filter 230G has an adjacent normalizedintensity value based on a wavelength of 630 nm and an adjacentnormalized intensity value based on a wavelength of 530 nm,respectively. Since each normalized intensity value is a wavelengthvalue representing blue, red, or green, in the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, thecolors are displayed based on the corresponding wavelength.

Further, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention has a wide viewing angle becauselight supplied from the blue light source 510 is refracted and dispersedon the red quantum dot (QD) particles 230RQD, the green quantum dot (QD)particles 230GQD, and the scattering particles 235 to the outside.

FIG. 21 shows viewing angles of light supplied from the blue lightsource 510 and light which transmits from the red color filter 230R andthe green color filter 230G. In the light which transmits from the redcolor filter 230R and the green color filter 230G, while the directionof the light is changed in the red quantum dot (QD) particles 230RQD andgreen quantum dot (QD) particles, the light flowing to the sideincreases and as a result, as shown in FIG. 21, luminance of about 70%to maximum luminance may be shown even at 60 degrees left and right.While light of the blue light source 510 is also shown in FIG. 21 andthe viewing angle looks narrow, but actually, since the lighttransmitting from the transparent color filter 230T is refracted anddispersed by the scattering particles 235, the light has a viewing anglesimilar to the red and green light of FIG. 21. That is, in the typicalliquid crystal display, the direction of light supplied from the lightsource is not changed, but in the case of using the color filter 230including a phosphor as in accordance with the exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention, the direction of the light is changed due to thephosphor (quantum dot particles, scattering particles, or the like),thereby improving the viewing angle at the side.

Hereinafter, light characteristics of the blue light transmitting layer232 and the blue light blocking layer 231 will be described withreference to FIGS. 22 and 23.

First, FIG. 22 shows characteristics of the blue light blocking layer231. Since the blue light blocking layer 231 blocks the blue light, theblue light blocking layer 231 has a characteristic in which the bluelight is not transmitted and reflected. That is, in FIG. 22,transmission and reflection of the blue light blocking layer 231 areshown together with a wavelength spectrum corresponding to each color.As a result, the blue light blocking layer 231 transmits the red andgreen lights, but blocks and reflects the blue light.

Referring now to FIG. 23, a transmission characteristic of the bluelight transmitting layer 232 is shown. In FIG. 23, a characteristic oftransmitting adjacent light based on 450 nm is shown. Other light of redand green wavelengths are blocked.

On the basis of the characteristics of FIGS. 22 and 23, each of the bluelight blocking layer 231 and the blue light transmitting layer 232 whichare used in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention blocks theblue light so that light of the blue wavelength is not included at aplace where the red and green are displayed, and components other thanthe blue light supplied from the light source are blocked, therebyimproving purity of light applied to the color filter 230.

Hereinafter, a method of preventing a display deterioration due toparallax of the light in the liquid crystal display according to theexemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described indetail with reference to FIGS. 24 to 31.

First, in FIGS. 24 and 25, a characteristic of transmitting lightaccording to an incident angle when the blue light is inputted to theblue light transmitting layer 232 of the upper panel 200 is shown.

In FIGS. 24 and 25, in the case of the incident angle of 0 degree, theblue light is vertically inputted to the blue light transmitting layer232, and in the case of the incident angle of 80 degrees, the blue lightis inputted at an angle of 80 degrees to a vertical normal to the bluelight transmitting layer 232.

In FIG. 24, wavelength variation of the transmitting light according toan incident angle is shown, and in FIG. 25, transmission of the bluelight according to an incident angle is shown.

In FIG. 24, in the case of an incident angle of 0 degree, a wavelengthof incident light maintains the blue wavelength band as it is, but asthe incident angle increases, the wavelength of the incident light isrelatively shorter so as not to be transmitted in the blue lighttransmitting layer 232. As a result, only light which is vertically(incident angle of 0 degree) inputted to the blue light transmittinglayer 232 is transmitted, and in the case where the incident angle islarge, light is not transmitted but reflected in the blue lighttransmitting layer 232 to be used for the light recycle. Further, inFIG. 25, in the case of the incident angle of 0 degree, 90% of lightemitted from the blue light source 510 of the backlight unit 500 istransmitted, but as the incident angle increases, the transmission ofthe transmitted light decreases and the remaining light is reflected.

As described above, due to the characteristic of the blue lighttransmitting layer 232, only the blue light is transmitted and otherwavelength light (light which are obliquely inputted at a predeterminedangle or more) are reflected and thus only the same light as verticallight is inputted to the color filter 230, such that the displaydeterioration due to parallax does not occur. That is, the parallax isgenerated when the light transmitting from the adjacent pixel isinputted to the color filter 230 of the corresponding pixel, and thelight is obliquely inputted to the blue light transmitting layer 232 soas not to transmit through the blue light transmitting layer 232,thereby preventing the display deterioration due to parallax.

Parallax will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 26to 31.

In FIG. 26, in order to clearly describe parallax, a circumferentiallayered relationship is shown. Various cases where light passing throughthe liquid crystal layer 3 of the lower panel 100 passes through theupper polarizer 21 to be inputted to the color filter 230 are shown, andan expressed color is changed depending on the color of the passed colorfilter 230. That is, there is no problem in the case where the lightpasses through the color filter 230 of the corresponding pixel, but inthe case where the light progresses to the side, while the light passesthrough the adjacent color filter 230, the display deterioration due toparallax occurs. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention,the display deterioration due to parallax is somewhat prevented by theblue light transmitting layer 232, but a value capable of preventing thedisplay deterioration due to parallax regardless of the blue lighttransmitting layer 232 will be calculated.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 26, a width of the colorfilter 230 represented by Wp is 105.5 μm, a width of the light blockingmember 220 represented by Wb is 29 μm, a pixel per inch (PPI) is 63, apixel size is 403.5 μm, and a sub pixel size is 134.5 μm.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 26, characteristics accordingto a vertical distance d between the color filter 230 and the liquidcrystal layer 3 and a divergence half angle are shown in FIGS. 27 and28.

FIG. 27 shows variation in intensity of light for a viewing angleaccording to variation in the vertical distance d between the colorfilter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3. The case where the intensityof light is 0 means that the light is blocked by the light blockingmember 220 in the corresponding viewing angle and thus the case wherethe intensity of light becomes 0 and then increases again means that thelight progresses to the adjacent color filter 230. Therefore, in FIG.27, it can be seen that the case where the intensity uniformly decreasesis only the case where the vertical distance d between the color filter230 and the liquid crystal layer 3 is 10 μm, and as the verticaldistance d between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3is smaller, the likelihood of a display deterioration due to parallax islow.

Further, FIG. 28 shows variation in intensity of the light for a viewingangle according to a divergence half angle in a state where the verticaldistance d between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3is fixed to 200 μm. Even in a graph of FIG. 28, since the case where theintensity of light becomes 0 and then increases again means that thelight progresses to the adjacent color filter 230, when the intensityuniformly decreases, the display deterioration due to parallax does notoccur. In FIG. 28, it is clearly shown that the case where the displaydeterioration due to parallax does not occur is only the case where thedivergence half angle is 20 degrees, and as the divergence half angledecreases, the display deterioration due to parallax likelihood is low.

Based on the above description, in FIGS. 29 and 30, occurrence frequencyof the parallax according to a divergence half angle is shown.

First, in FIG. 29, in the case where a PPI value is 63, the occurrencefrequency of the display deterioration due to parallax is measured bychanging the vertical distance d between the color filter 230 and theliquid crystal layer 3. As shown in FIG. 29, the case where the displaydeterioration due to parallax does not occur is only the case where thevertical distance d between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystallayer 3 is 10 μm.

Further, in FIG. 30, the occurrence frequency of the displaydeterioration due to parallax is measured by fixing the verticaldistance d between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3to 200 μm and changing the pixels per inch (PPI). In FIG. 30, thedisplay deterioration due to parallax occurs in all cases, but as thedivergence half angle decreases, the display deterioration due toparallax does not occur regardless of the PPI value, and as the PPIvalue decreases, the pixel size increases and thus the displaydeterioration due to parallax occurs less.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to prevent thedisplay deterioration due to parallax, the vertical distance d betweenthe color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3 becomes smaller.That is, referring to FIG. 2, the upper polarizer 21 has the thickestthickness between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3and the thickness is 100 to 200 μm. Therefore, in the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 2 of the present invention, the vertical distance (das seen in FIG. 26) between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystallayer 3 is 100 to 200 μm, and in this case, it is advantageous that thevertical distance d is reduced sharply because the insulation substrateis not formed therebetween.

As described above, how much the parallax may be improved by sharplyreducing the vertical distance d between the color filter 230 and theliquid crystal layer 3 is shown in FIG. 31.

In FIG. 31, in the case where the divergence half angle is 80 degrees orless and the vertical distance d between the color filter 230 and theliquid crystal layer 3 is 500 μm or less and in the case where thedivergence half angle is 55 degrees or less and the vertical distance dbetween the color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3 is 100 μm orless, whether the display deterioration due to parallax occurs is shown.

As shown in FIG. 31, in the case where the vertical distance d betweenthe color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3 is 500 μm or less,the display deterioration due to parallax occurs several times accordingto a change of the viewing angle, but in the vertical distance d betweenthe color filter 230 and the liquid crystal layer 3 is 100 μm or less,the display deterioration due to parallax hardly occurs.

As shown in FIG. 31, in the exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, only the upper polarizer 21 is formed as a layer having alarge thickness between the color filter 230 and the liquid crystallayer 3 and as a result, the distance is sharply reduced and the displaydeterioration due to parallax is prevented.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment different from the exemplaryembodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 32to 35.

First, another exemplary embodiment will be described with reference toFIGS. 32 to 35.

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention andFIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 32.

The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 32 includes an ultraviolet rays lightsource 510′ as a light source as compared with the blue light source 510of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. As a result, polarizers 11′ and21′ have a characteristic of polarizing ultraviolet rays, and anultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′ and an ultraviolet raystransmitting layer 232′ are included in the upper panel 200′. Further,quantum dot particles included in a color filter 230′ change awavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be changed into red, green, andblue. Further, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 32, an upperpolarizer 21′ is included in the upper panel 200′.

As shown in FIG. 32, a liquid crystal display according to anotherexemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a lower panel100′, an upper panel 200′, and a backlight unit 500′.

The backlight unit 500′ includes an ultraviolet rays light source 510′and a light guide plate 520. The lower panel 100′ disposed thereonincludes a lower polarizer 11′, a lower substrate 110, a wiring layer111, a liquid crystal layer 3 formed in a microcavity, and an upperinsulating layer 310. Further, the upper panel 200′ disposed thereonincludes an upper polarizer 21′, an upper substrate 210, an ultravioletrays blocking layer 231′, a color filter 230′, and an ultraviolet raystransmitting layer 232′.

As described above, the liquid crystal display according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 32 will be described in more detail withreference to FIG. 33.

First, the lower panel 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 33.

A wiring layer 111 including a thin film transistor (not shown) and thelike is formed on a substrate 110 made of transparent glass, plastic, orthe like. The wiring layer 111 includes a gate line 121, a storagevoltage line 131, a gate insulating layer 140, a data line (not shown),a passivation layer (not shown) and a pixel electrode 190, and the thinfilm transistor is connected to the gate line 121 and the data line.Structures of the pixel electrode 190, the gate line 121, and the dataline formed on the wiring layer 111 may vary according to an exemplaryembodiment.

The gate line 121 and the storage voltage line 131 are disposed belowthe gate insulating layer 140 and electrically separated from eachother, and the data line crosses and is insulated from the gate line 121and the storage voltage line 131. The gate electrode on the gate line121 and the source electrode on the data line provide a control terminaland an input terminal of the thin film transistor, respectively.Further, an output terminal (drain electrode) of the thin filmtransistor is connected with the pixel electrode 190, and the pixelelectrode 190 is insulated from the gate line 121, the storage voltageline 131 and the data line.

A support layer 311 is disposed on the pixel electrode 190 and thepassivation layer. The support layer 311 serves to support itself sothat an inner portion of the support layer 311, that is, an upper space(hereinafter, referred to as a microcavity (see 305 of FIG. 11)) of thepixel electrode 190 and the passivation layer may be formed. A crosssection of the support layer 311 according to the exemplary embodimentmay have a trapezoid shape, and have a liquid crystal injection hole onone side thereof in order to inject a liquid crystal in the microcavity305. The support layer 311 may include an inorganic insulating materialsuch as silicon nitride (SiNx) and the like.

Further, in order to arrange liquid crystal molecules injected in themicrocavity 305, an alignment layer 12 is formed at the inside of thesupport layer 311, that is, at the upper portion of the pixel electrode190 and the passivation layer. The alignment layer 12 made of at leastone of generally used materials such as polyamic acid, polysiloxane, orpolyimide, or the like as a liquid crystal alignment layer may beformed.

The liquid crystal layer 3 is formed under the alignment layer 12 of themicrocavity 305, and the liquid crystal molecules 31 are initiallyaligned by the alignment layer 12. A thickness of the liquid crystallayer 3 may be about 5 to 6 μm.

A light blocking member (BM) 220 is formed between the adjacent supportlayers 311. The light blocking member 220 includes a material which doesnot transmit light and has an opening, and the opening may correspond tothe microcavity 305.

A common electrode 270 is formed on the support layer 311 and the lightblocking member 220. The common electrode 270 and the pixel electrode190 are made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO andserve to control an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules31 by generating an electric field.

A flattening layer 312 is formed on the common electrode 270. Theflattening layer 312, as a layer for removing a step generated on thecommon electrode 270 due to the light blocking member 220, may includean organic material.

A patterned insulating layer 313 is formed on the flattening layer 312.The patterned insulating layer 313 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial such as silicon nitride (SiNx). The flattening layer 312 andthe patterned insulating layer 313 are patterned together with thesupport layer 311 to form a liquid crystal injection hole 335. Thepatterned insulating layer 313 may be omitted according to an exemplaryembodiment. In FIG. 32, the support layer 311, the flattening layer 312,and the patterned insulating layer 313 are shown as one upper insulatinglayer 310.

The lower polarizer 11′ is attached to the rear surface of the substrate110. The lower polarizer 11′ transmits only one polarization directionof the ultraviolet rays. Further, the lower polarizer 11′ may not bethinly formed and includes a polarization element generatingpolarization and a Tri-acetyl-cellulose (TAC) layer for ensuringdurability.

The upper panel 200′ will now be described.

The upper panel 200′ is disposed on the patterned insulating layer 313.

Referring to FIGS. 32 and 33, in the upper panel 200′, the ultravioletrays blocking layer 231′ is formed below the upper substrate 210 made oftransparent glass, plastic, or the like

The ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′ is formed on all pixel areasdisplaying blue, red, and green. The ultraviolet rays blocking layer231′ may be formed by alternately laminating at least two layers havingdifferent refractive indexes, and wavelengths except for an ultravioletwavelength band are transmitted and the ultraviolet wavelength band isblocked. The blocked ultraviolet rays are reflected and thus a lightrecycle may also be performed. The ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′serves to block light emitted from an ultraviolet rays light source 510′from being directly emitted outside.

An upper light blocking member 221 is formed below the upper substrate210 and the ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′. The upper lightblocking member 221 also has an opening, and a color filter 230′corresponding to a color displayed in the corresponding pixel is formed.

First, a red color filter 230R′ is formed in a red pixel, a green colorfilter 230G′ is formed in a green pixel, and a blue color filter 230B′is formed in a blue pixel.

The red color filter 230R′ may include red quantum dot (QD) particles230RQD′ and converts light having a wavelength supplied in theultraviolet rays light source 510′ into red.

Further, the green color filter 230G′ may include green quantum dot (QD)particles 230GQD′ and converts light having a wavelength supplied in theultraviolet rays light source 510′ into green.

In addition, the blue color filter 230B′ may include blue quantum dot(QD) particles 230BQD′ and converts light having a wavelength suppliedin the ultraviolet rays light source 510′ into blue.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the lightsupplied in the ultraviolet rays light source 510′ of the backlight isconverted into red, green, and blue light in the red quantum dot (QD)particles 230RQD′, the green quantum dot (QD) particles 230GQD′, and theblue quantum dot (QD) particles 230BQD′, respectively, and then emittedoutside to display an image, the direction of the light emitted outsideis wide and grays of the light are not changed according to a viewingposition, such that the light may have a wide viewing angle.

An upper flattening layer 250 is formed below the upper light blockingmember 221, the red color filter 230R′, the green color filter 230G′,and the blue color filter 230B′. The upper flattening layer 250 may bemade of an organic material and may also be omitted according to anexemplary embodiment.

The ultraviolet rays transmitting layer 232′ is formed below the upperflattening layer 250 and formed in all the pixel areas like theultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′. The ultraviolet rays transmittinglayer 232′ may also be formed by alternately laminating at least twolayers having different refractive indexes, and transmits only theultraviolet wavelength band and blocks other wavelength bands. The lightof the blocked wavelength bands is reflected and thus a light recyclemay be performed.

The upper polarizer 21′ is disposed below the ultraviolet raystransmitting layer 232′. The upper polarizer 21′ transmits only onepolarization direction of the ultraviolet rays. Further, the upperpolarizer 21′ may be thinly formed and have a thickness of 150 to 200μm. The upper polarizer 21′ includes a polarization element generatingpolarization and a Tri-acetyl-cellulose (TAC) layer for ensuringdurability.

The lower panel 100′ is disposed below the upper polarizer 21′ and thepatterned insulating layer 313 which is the uppermost layer of the lowerpanel 100′ and the upper polarizer 21′ may be directly attached to eachother or may also be adhered to each other through a separate adhesive.

When comparing the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 32, the upperpolarizers 21, 21′ may include the upper panel or the lower panel, theupper panel may be disposed above the upper polarizers 21, 21′, and thelower panel may be disposed below the upper polarizers 21 and 21′.

Referring back to FIG. 32, the backlight unit 500′ is disposed below thelower polarizer 11, and the backlight unit includes the ultraviolet rayslight source 510′ and the light guide plate 520. A plurality of opticalfilms (not shown) may be formed above the light guide plate 520 andbelow the lower polarizer 11.

As described above, in the liquid crystal display, the substrate is notadditionally included and thus the thickness is thin. As a result, inthe liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, a distance between the color filter 230′ of the upperpanel 200 and the liquid crystal layer 3 of the lower panel 100 is smallas compared with the typical liquid crystal display, such that a thelikelihood of display deterioration due to parallax is low.

Further, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention has a wide viewing anglecharacteristic because the direction of the light is wider by using thequantum dot (QD) color filter 230′.

Hereinafter, yet another exemplary embodiment will be described withreference to FIGS. 34 and 35.

FIG. 34 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal displayaccording to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present inventionand FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal displayaccording to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 34.

The exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35 includes an ultraviolet rayslight source 510′ as a light source unlike the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 1. A lower polarizer 11′ has a characteristic of polarizingultraviolet rays, and an upper polarizer 21-1 has a characteristic ofpolarizing light because a metal wirings 21-2 such as aluminum and thelike are disposed with an interval of 100 nm or less in order to reducethe thickness. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35, since theupper polarizer 21 is not formed, but the polarizer including the metalwirings is used, the thickness of the polarizer may be decreased toabout 5 to 10 μm, thereby largely reducing the parallax likelihood.

Further, an ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′ is included in theupper panel 200. Further, quantum dot particles included in a colorfilter 230′ change a wavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be changedinto red, green, and blue. Further, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS.34 and 35, all layers are laminated on one substrate to be configured asone display panel.

As shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, a liquid crystal display according toanother exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a displaypanel 100″ and a backlight unit 500′.

The backlight unit 500′ includes an ultraviolet rays light source 510′and a light guide plate 520. The display panel 100″ disposed thereonincludes a lower polarizer 11′, a lower substrate 110, a liquid crystallayer 3 formed in a microcavity, and an upper insulating layer 310, anupper polarizer 21-1, a color filter 230′, an ultraviolet rays blockinglayer 231′. In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 35 and 36, unlike theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 33, an ultraviolet rays transmitting layeris omitted.

Integrated display panel 100″ will now be described in more detail withreference to FIG. 35.

A wiring layer 111 including a thin film transistor (not shown) and thelike is formed on a substrate 110 made of transparent glass, plastic, orthe like. The wiring layer 111 includes a gate line 121, a storagevoltage line 131, a gate insulating layer 140, a data line (not shown),a passivation layer (not shown) and a pixel electrode 190, and the thinfilm transistor is connected to the gate line 121 and the data line.Structures of the pixel electrode 190, the gate line 121, and the dataline formed on the wiring layer 111 may vary according to an exemplaryembodiment.

The gate line 121 and the storage voltage line 131 are disposed belowthe gate insulating layer 140 and electrically separated from eachother, and the data line crosses the gate line 121 and the storagevoltage line 131 and is insulated therefrom. The gate electrode on thegate line 121 and the source electrode on the data line configure acontrol terminal and an input terminal of the thin film transistor,respectively. Further, an output terminal (drain electrode) of the thinfilm transistor is connected with the pixel electrode 190, and the pixelelectrode 190 is insulated from the gate line 121, the storage voltageline 131 and the data line.

A support layer 311 is disposed on the pixel electrode 190 and thepassivation layer. The support layer 311 serves to support the pixelelectrode 190 and the passivation layer so that an inner portion of thesupport layer 311, that is, an upper space (hereinafter, referred to asa microcavity (see 305 of FIG. 11)) of the pixel electrode 190 and thepassivation layer may be formed. A cross section of the support layer311 according to the exemplary embodiment may have a trapezoid shape,and have a liquid crystal injection hole on one side thereof in order toinject a liquid crystal in the microcavity 305. The support layer 311may include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride(SiNx) and the like.

Further, in order to arrange liquid crystal molecules injected in themicrocavity 305, an alignment layer 12 is formed at the inside of thesupport layer 311, that is, at the upper portion of the pixel electrode190 and the passivation layer. The alignment layer 12 made of at leastone of generally used materials such as polyamic acid, polysiloxane, orpolyimide, or the like as a liquid crystal alignment layer may beformed.

The liquid crystal layer 3 is formed under the alignment layer 12 of themicrocavity 305, and the liquid crystal molecules 31 are initiallyaligned by the alignment layer 12. A thickness of the liquid crystallayer 3 may be about 5 to 6 μm.

A light blocking member 220 is formed between the adjacent supportlayers 311. The light blocking member 220 includes a material which doesnot transmit light and has an opening, and the opening may correspond tothe microcavity 305.

A common electrode 270 is formed on the support layer 311 and the lightblocking member 220. The common electrode 270 and the pixel electrode190 are made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO andserve to control an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules31 by generating an electric field.

A flattening layer 312 is formed on the common electrode 270. Theflattening layer 312, as a layer for removing a step generated on thecommon electrode 270 due to the light blocking member 220, may includean organic material.

A patterned insulating layer 313 is formed on the flattening layer 312.The patterned insulating layer 313 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial such as silicon nitride (SiNx). The flattening layer 312 andthe patterned insulating layer 313 are patterned together with thesupport layer 311 to form a liquid crystal injection hole 335. Thepatterned insulating layer 313 may be omitted according to an exemplaryembodiment. In FIG. 34, the support layer 311, the flattening layer 312,and the patterned insulating layer 313 are shown as one upper insulatinglayer 310.

The upper polarizer 21-1 is disposed on the patterned insulating layer313. The upper polarizer 21-1 has a characteristic of polarizing lightbecause a metal wirings 21-2 such as aluminum and the like are disposedwith an interval of 100 nm or less in order to reduce the thickness. Inthe exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35, since the upper polarizer21 is not formed, but the polarizer including the metal wirings is used,the thickness of the polarizer may be decreased to about 5 to 10 μm,thereby largely reducing the parallax likelihood.

An upper light blocking member 221 is formed on the upper polarizer21-1. The upper light blocking member 221 also has an opening, and acolor filter 230′ corresponding to a color displayed in thecorresponding pixel is formed.

First, a red color filter 230R′ is formed in a red pixel, a green colorfilter 230G′ is formed in a green pixel, and a blue color filter 230B′is formed in a blue pixel.

The red color filter 230R′ may include red quantum dot (QD) particles230RQD′ and converts light having a wavelength supplied by theultraviolet rays light source 510′ into red.

Further, the green color filter 230G′ may include green quantum dot (QD)particles 230GQD′ and converts light having a wavelength supplied by theultraviolet rays light source 510′ into green.

In addition, the blue color filter 230B′ may include blue quantum dot(QD) particles 230BQD′ and converts light having a wavelength suppliedby the ultraviolet rays light source 510′ into blue.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the lightsupplied by the ultraviolet rays light source 510′ of the backlight isconverted into red, green, and blue light in the red quantum dot (QD)particles 230RQD′, the green quantum dot (QD) particles 230GQD′, and theblue quantum dot (QD) particles 230BQD′, respectively, and then emittedoutside to display an image, the direction of the light emitted outsideis wide and grays of the light are not changed according to viewingposition, such that the light may have a wide viewing angle.

An upper flattening layer 250 is formed on the upper light blockingmember 221, the red color filter 230R′, the green color filter 230G′,and the blue color filter 230B′. The upper flattening layer 250 may bemade of an organic material and may also be omitted according to anexemplary embodiment.

An ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′ is formed on the upperflattening layer 250. The ultraviolet rays blocking layer 231′ is formedon all pixel areas displaying blue, red, and green. The ultraviolet raysblocking layer 231′ may be formed by alternately laminating at least twolayers having different refractive indexes, and wavelengths except foran ultraviolet wavelength band are transmitted and the ultravioletwavelength band is blocked. The blocked ultraviolet rays are reflectedand thus a light recycle may also be performed. The ultraviolet raysblocking layer 231′ serves to block light emitted from an ultravioletrays light source 510′ from being directly emitted outside.

The lower polarizer 11′ is attached to the rear surface of the substrate110. The lower polarizer 11′ transmits only a polarization direction ofone direction of the ultraviolet rays. Further, the lower polarizer 11′need not be thinly formed and includes a polarization element generatingpolarization and a Tri-acetyl-cellulose (TAC) layer for ensuringdurability.

Referring back to FIG. 34, the backlight unit 500′ is disposed below thelower polarizer 11, and the backlight unit includes the ultraviolet rayslight source 510′ and the light guide plate 520. A plurality of opticalfilms (not shown) may be formed above the light guide plate 520 andbelow the lower polarizer 11.

That is, in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35, the thicknessof the entire liquid crystal display is reduced by using only onesubstrate 110 and the upper polarizer 21-1 disposed between the liquidcrystal layer 3 and the color filter 230′ is changed into the structureincluding the metal wirings to largely reduce the thickness, therebylargely reducing the parallax likelihood.

Further, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplaryembodiment of the present invention has a wide viewing anglecharacteristic because the direction of the light is wider by using thequantum dot (QD) color filter 230′.

While this invention has been described in connection with what ispresently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the disclosedembodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A liquid crystal display, comprising: a backlightunit comprising a light source comprising a blue light source; a displaypanel comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquidcrystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the secondsubstrate; a color filter disposed on the second substrate, the colorfilter comprising a first color filter comprising a red quantum dotparticle, a second color filter comprising a green quantum dot particle,and a third color filter comprising a transparent organic material andscattering particles therein; a blue light blocking layer disposed onthe second substrate and overlapping the first color filter and thesecond color filter; and a blue light transmitting layer disposedbetween the color filters and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the bluelight blocking layer and the third color filter are disposed on the samesurface of the second substrate, wherein the red quantum dot particle isdisposed between the blue light transmitting layer and the blue lightblocking layer, wherein the green quantum dot particle is disposedbetween the blue light transmitting layer and the blue light blockinglayer, and wherein a light emitted from a region overlapping the firstcolor filter passes through the blue light transmitting layer, the firstcolor filter, the blue light blocking layer and the second substrate inthis order.
 2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein: the bluelight blocking layer does not overlap the third color filter.
 3. Theliquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the blue light transmittinglayer disposed between the color filter and the liquid crystal layeroverlaps the first color filter, the second color filter and the thirdcolor filter.
 4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3, wherein: theblue light transmitting layer transmits light in a blue wavelength bandand reflects light in the other wavelength bands.
 5. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 4, wherein: the blue light transmitting layer comprisesat least two layers having different refractive indexes.
 6. The liquidcrystal display of claim 1, further comprising: a lower polarizerdisposed between the backlight unit and the first substrate; and anupper polarizer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the colorfilter.
 7. A liquid crystal display, comprising: a backlight unitcomprising a light source comprising a blue light source; a displaypanel comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquidcrystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the secondsubstrate; a color filter disposed on the second substrate, the colorfilter comprising a first color filter comprising a red quantum dotparticle, a second color filter comprising a green quantum dot particle,and a third color filter comprising a transparent organic material; ablue light blocking layer disposed on the second substrate andoverlapping the first color filter and the second color filter; and ablue light transmitting layer disposed between the color filter and theliquid crystal layer and overlapping the first color filter, the secondcolor filter and the third color filter, wherein the blue light blockinglayer and the third color filter are disposed on the same surface of thesecond substrate, wherein the blue light transmitting layer comprises atleast two layers having different refractive indexes wherein the redquantum dot particle is disposed between the blue light transmittinglayer and the blue light blocking layer, wherein the green quantum dotparticle is disposed between the blue light transmitting layer and theblue light blocking layer, and wherein a light emitted from a regionoverlapping the first color filter passes through the blue lighttransmitting layer, the first color filter, the blue light blockinglayer and the second substrate in this order.
 8. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 7, wherein: the at least two layers having differentrefractive indexes are laminated alternately.
 9. The liquid crystaldisplay of claim 7, wherein: the blue light blocking layer does notoverlap the third color filter.
 10. The liquid crystal display of claim7, wherein: the blue light transmitting layer transmits light in a bluewavelength band and reflects light in the other wavelength bands. 11.The liquid crystal display of claim 7, further comprising: a lowerpolarizer disposed between the backlight unit and the first substrate;and an upper polarizer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and thecolor filter.